01 Kodi mabatire a lithiamu-air ndi mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure ndi chiyani?
① Batire ya Li-air
Batire ya lithiamu-mpweya imagwiritsa ntchito oxygen ngati electrode reactant yabwino komanso chitsulo cha lithiamu ngati electrode yoyipa.Lili ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu (3500wh / kg), ndipo mphamvu zake zenizeni zimatha kufika 500-1000wh / kg, zomwe zimakhala zapamwamba kwambiri kuposa dongosolo la batri la lithiamu-ion.Mabatire a lithiamu-mpweya amapangidwa ndi ma elekitirodi abwino, ma electrolyte ndi ma elekitirodi opanda pake.M'makina a batri opanda madzi, mpweya wabwino umagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati gasi, kotero mabatire a lithiamu-air amathanso kutchedwa lithiamu-oxygen mabatire.
Mu 1996, Abraham et al.anasonkhanitsa bwinobwino batire yoyamba yopanda madzi ya lithiamu-mpweya mu labotale.Kenako ofufuza anayamba kulabadira za mkati electrochemical anachita ndi limagwirira sanali amadzimadzi lithiamu-mpweya mabatire;mu 2002, Werengani et al.anapeza kuti electrochemical ntchito ya lithiamu-mpweya mabatire zimadalira zosungunulira electrolyte ndi mpweya cathode zipangizo;mu 2006, Ogasawara et al.anagwiritsa ntchito Mass spectrometer, zinatsimikiziridwa kwa nthawi yoyamba kuti Li2O2 inali oxidized ndipo mpweya unatulutsidwa panthawi yolipiritsa, zomwe zinatsimikizira kuti electrochemical reversibility ya Li2O2.Chifukwa chake, mabatire a lithiamu-air adalandira chidwi chochuluka komanso chitukuko chofulumira.
② Batri ya Lithium-sulfure
Lithiamu-sulfure batire ndi yachiwiri batire dongosolo zochokera kusinthika anachita mkulu enieni mphamvu sulfure (1675mAh/g) ndi lithiamu zitsulo (3860mAh/g), ndi pafupifupi kumaliseche voteji pafupifupi 2.15V.Mphamvu zake zongoyerekeza zimatha kufika 2600wh/kg.Zida zake zopangira zimakhala ndi ubwino wa mtengo wotsika komanso wokonda zachilengedwe, choncho zimakhala ndi chitukuko chachikulu.Kupangidwa kwa mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure kungayambike m'zaka za m'ma 1960, pamene Herbert ndi Ulam adafunsira patent ya batri.The prototype wa batire lifiyamu-sulfure ntchito lifiyamu kapena lithiamu aloyi monga zoipa elekitirodi zakuthupi, sulfure monga zabwino elekitirodi zakuthupi ndipo wapangidwa aliphatic ano zimalimbikitsa amines.wa electrolyte.Zaka zingapo pambuyo pake, mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure adasinthidwa poyambitsa zosungunulira za organic monga PC, DMSO, ndi DMF, ndipo mabatire a 2.35-2.5V adapezeka.Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1980, ma ethers adatsimikiziridwa kukhala othandiza mu mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure.M'maphunziro otsatirawa, kupezeka kwa ma electrolyte opangidwa ndi ether, kugwiritsa ntchito LiNO3 monga chowonjezera cha electrolyte, komanso lingaliro la ma elekitirodi opangidwa ndi kaboni / sulfure kwatsegula kafukufuku wa mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure.
02 Mfundo yogwira ntchito ya batri ya lithiamu-air ndi batri ya lithiamu-sulfure
① Batire ya Li-air
Malingana ndi madera osiyanasiyana a electrolyte omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, mabatire a lithiamu-mpweya amatha kugawidwa m'makina amadzimadzi, machitidwe a organic, machitidwe osakanizidwa amadzi-organic, ndi mabatire onse olimba a lithiamu-air.Pakati pawo, chifukwa otsika enieni mphamvu ya mabatire lifiyamu-mpweya ntchito electrolytes madzi ofotokoza, zovuta kuteteza lithiamu zitsulo, ndi osauka reversible dongosolo, sanali amadzimadzi organic lithiamu-mpweya mabatire ndi onse olimba boma lifiyamu mpweya. mabatire amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakadali pano.Kafukufuku.Mabatire a lithiamu-air opanda madzi anayamba kuperekedwa ndi Abraham ndi Z.Jiang mu 1996. Mabatire amadzimadzi amadzimadzi akuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 1. Zomwe zimayendera ndizosiyana.The electrolyte makamaka amagwiritsa organic electrolyte kapena olimba electrolyte, ndi kumaliseche mankhwala makamaka Li2O2 , mankhwala ndi insoluble mu electrolyte, ndipo n'zosavuta kudziunjikira pa mpweya zabwino elekitirodi, zimakhudza kutulutsa mphamvu ya batire lifiyamu mpweya.
Mabatire a Lithium-mpweya ali ndi ubwino wa kuchulukitsitsa kwamphamvu kwambiri, kukonda zachilengedwe, komanso mtengo wotsika, koma kafukufuku wawo akadali wakhanda, ndipo pali mavuto ambiri omwe akuyenera kuthetsedwa, monga catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction, the mpweya permeability ndi hydrophobicity ma elekitirodi mpweya, ndi deactivation wa maelekitirodi mpweya etc.
② Batri ya Lithium-sulfure
Mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure makamaka amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a sulfure kapena sulfure monga zinthu zabwino za electrode ya batri, ndipo zitsulo za lithiamu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka pa electrode negative.Panthawi yotulutsa, chitsulo cha lithiamu chomwe chili pa electrode yolakwika chimapangidwa ndi okosijeni kuti chiwononge electron ndikupanga ayoni a lithiamu;ndiye ma elekitironi amasamutsidwa kwa elekitirodi zabwino kudzera dera kunja, ndi kwaiye lifiyamu ayoni amasamutsidwanso zabwino elekitirodi kudzera electrolyte kuchita ndi sulfure kupanga polysulfide.Lithium (LiPSs), ndiyeno pitilizani kuchitapo kanthu kuti apange lithiamu sulfide kuti amalize kutulutsa.Panthawi yolipiritsa, ma ion a lithiamu mu LiPS amabwerera ku electrode yoyipa kudzera mu electrolyte, pomwe ma elekitironi amabwerera ku electrode yoyipa kudzera m'dera lakunja kuti apange zitsulo za lithiamu ndi ayoni a lithiamu, ndipo ma LiPS amachepetsedwa kukhala sulfure pa electrode yabwino kuti amalize njira yolipirira.
The kumaliseche ndondomeko ya mabatire lifiyamu-sulfure makamaka ndi Mipikisano sitepe, Mipikisano elekitironi, Mipikisano gawo zovuta electrochemical anachita pa sulfure cathode, ndi LiPSs ndi unyolo utali utali amasandulika wina ndi mzake pa ndondomeko mlandu-kumaliseche.Panthawi yotulutsa, zomwe zingachitike pa electrode yabwino zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 2, ndipo zomwe zimachitika pa electrode yolakwika zikuwonetsedwa mu Chithunzi 3.
Ubwino wa mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure ndiwodziwikiratu, monga kuthekera kwakukulu kwamalingaliro;mulibe mpweya m'zinthu, ndipo kusintha kwa okosijeni sikudzachitika, choncho chitetezo ndi chabwino;zinthu za sulfure ndizochuluka ndipo sulfure yoyambira ndiyotsika mtengo;ndi wochezeka ndi chilengedwe ndipo ali ndi kawopsedwe kochepa.Komabe, mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure amakhalanso ndi zovuta zina, monga lithiamu polysulfide shuttle effect;kutchinjiriza kwa elemental sulfure ndi zotuluka zake;vuto la kusintha kwakukulu kwa mawu;kusakhazikika kwa SEI ndi mavuto achitetezo omwe amayamba chifukwa cha lithiamu anode;kudziletsa kutulutsa zochitika, etc.
Monga m'badwo watsopano wa batire yachiwiri, mabatire a lithiamu-air ndi mabatire a lithiamu-sulfure ali ndi malingaliro apamwamba kwambiri, ndipo akopa chidwi chochuluka kuchokera kwa ofufuza ndi msika wachiwiri wa batire.Pakalipano, mabatire awiriwa akukumanabe ndi mavuto ambiri a sayansi ndi luso.Iwo ali mu gawo loyambirira la kafukufuku wa chitukuko cha batri.Kuphatikiza pa mphamvu yeniyeni ndi kukhazikika kwa zinthu za cathode za batri zomwe zikufunika kukonzedwanso, nkhani zazikulu monga chitetezo cha batri ziyeneranso kuthetsedwa mwamsanga.M'tsogolomu, mitundu iwiri yatsopanoyi ya mabatire ikufunikabe kuwongolera luso kuti athetse zolakwika zawo kuti atsegule mwayi wogwiritsa ntchito.
Nthawi yotumiza: Apr-07-2023